Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is more than being a worrier. It's persistent, hard-to-control worry about many things, most days, for months, often with physical symptoms that wear you down.
What it can look like
- Constant "what if" thinking that's hard to switch off
- Restlessness or feeling on edge
- Muscle tension, headaches, stomach problems
- Trouble falling or staying asleep
- Fatigue and trouble concentrating
- Irritability
Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the best-studied treatments for GAD. It teaches practical skills for handling worry, tolerating uncertainty, and calming the body. Its effects tend to last after therapy ends.
Medication
- SSRIs and SNRIs are first-line medications. They take several weeks to work and are taken daily.
- Buspirone is a non-sedating option some people do well with.
- Hydroxyzine can help occasionally for short-term relief.
- Benzodiazepines work quickly but carry risks of dependence, sedation, and falls, so I use them sparingly and short-term, if at all.
Things that make a real difference
- Cutting back on caffeine, which can mimic and worsen anxiety
- Regular aerobic exercise
- Consistent sleep
- Limiting alcohol, which often makes anxiety worse the next day
Also worth checking
Thyroid problems, some medications, and stimulants can cause anxiety symptoms. A psychiatric evaluation looks at these, too.
Anxiety is very treatable. Most people improve substantially with the right combination of therapy, lifestyle changes, and, when needed, medication.
This article is general information, not medical advice for your situation. If you're in crisis, call or text 988, or call 911.