If you've been diagnosed with ADHD as an adult, medication is one of the most effective treatments available. There are two broad groups, and each has a place.
Stimulants
Stimulants are the most studied and usually the most effective ADHD medications. There are two families: methylphenidate-based and amphetamine-based. Both come in short-acting and long-acting forms.
- Pros: work the same day, effective for most people, easy to adjust
- Common side effects: lower appetite, trouble sleeping if taken late, increased heart rate or blood pressure, irritability as it wears off
- Considerations: they're controlled substances, so they require closer monitoring and regular follow-up. Ongoing shortages have made some formulations hard to find.
Non-stimulants
Non-stimulants are a good option if stimulants cause side effects, don't work, aren't a good fit because of other health conditions, or if you'd rather avoid a controlled medication.
- Atomoxetine and viloxazine are FDA-approved for adults. They're taken daily and take several weeks to reach full effect.
- Bupropion is sometimes used off-label, especially when depression is also present.
- Guanfacine and clonidine extended-release are sometimes used, alone or with stimulants.
Choosing together
We consider your symptoms, when during the day you need help most, your heart health, sleep, anxiety, any history of substance use, and your preferences. Most people need a few dose adjustments in the first couple of months.
Medication works best with skills
Medication makes it easier to use organizing tools, routines, and habits. ADHD coaching or CBT for adult ADHD can build those skills.
This article is general information, not medical advice for your situation. If you're in crisis, call or text 988, or call 911.